A distillaion column operates as a series of distillation units where
each successive unit adds to the degree of separation.
The distillation units operate as "plates" stacked on top of each
other. At each plate vapor and liquid are thoroughly mixed to achieve
equilibrium. The equilibrium vapor transcends to the next upper plate,
where it comes into intimate contact with the liquid there. The
equilibrium liquid flows down to the plate below, where it comes into
close contact with the vapor the bubbles up from the plate below that.
This setup creates two counter-parallel streams: vapor bubbling up
through the plates, and liquid gravitating down through the same plates
in opposite direction. The liquid at the lower plates is concentrated
with the less volatile components, while the vapor at the upper plates
is concentrated with the more volatile component.
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